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1. #Cold Formed Steel Framing Vs Structural Steel How To Determine The#
2. #Cold Formed Steel Framing Vs Structural Steel Manual Volume 2#

1Maximum Height Tables for Interior Non Kwon, Y.B., Chung, H.S. 1: Working with Residential Steel Framing - Guidelines for the Framer and Service Trades. 1: Thermal Performance of Lightweight Steel Framed Homes. 2: North American Standards for Cold-Formed Steel Framing Referenced in CAN/CSA-S136-07/S1-10.

Cold Formed Steel Framing Vs Structural Steel How To Determine The

The Designer should neglect the rotational restraint of the sheathing when determining the wall stud flexural strength and is limited by the AISI S100 Section C5.1 interaction equations for designing a wall stud under combined axial and flexural loading.Steel braced design may use the design methodology shown in AISI S211 or in AISI Committee on Specifications (COS) S100 “North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members.” AISI S211 Table B1-1 Maximum Axial Nominal Load Limited by Gypsum Sheathing-to-Wall Stud Connection CapacitySteel braced design is typically either non-proprietary or proprietary “clip and bridging” bracing , or “flat strap and blocking” bracing periodically spaced along the height of the wall stud. In addition, the Designer is required to design the wall studs without the sheathing for the load combination 1.2D + (0.5L or 0.2S) + 0.2W as a consideration for construction loads of removed or ineffective sheathing. When the sheathing on either side is not identical, the Designer must assume the weaker of the two sheathings is attached to each side. CFS Curtain Wall Stud Steel Clip and Bridging BracingSheathing braced design requires that identical sheathing is used on each side of the wall stud, except the new AISI S240 standard Section B1.2.2.3 clarifies that for curtain wall studs it is permissible to have sheathing on one side and discrete bracing for the other flange not spaced further than 8 feet on center. The wall stud is connected to the top and bottom tracks or supporting members to provide lateral and torsional support and the construction drawings should note that the sheathing is a structural element. AISI S211 Section B1 and the Commentary discuss the design method and assumptions and demonstrate how to determine the sheathing bracing strength. AISI S211 prescribes a maximum nominal stud axial load for gypsum board sheathing with fasteners spaced no more than 12 inches on center.

IBC Section 2211.4 permits Designers to design steel bracing for axially loaded studs using AISI S100 or S211. Third, much higher bracing loads can be achieved using mechanical bracing. Second, some sheathing products, including gypsum wallboard, can be easily damaged and rendered ineffective if subjected to water or moisture. First, during construction, wall studs go unsheathed for many months, but are subjected to significant construction loads.This is especially true for load-bearing, mid-rise structures. Simpson Strong-Tie Bridging ConnectorsSteel braced design is a more practical bracing method for several reasons.

As a result, the periodic anchorage of the bracing to the structure such as strongbacks or diagonal strap bracing is required. In addition, the bracing force for stud bracing is accumulative as stated by S211 Commentary section B3. S211 requires that, for combined loading, the Designer designs for the combined brace force determined using S100 Section D3.2.1 for the flexural load in the stud and either S100 or S211 for the axial load. AISI S100 is silent regarding combined loading, but S211 provides guidance. S211 requires the Designer to design the bracing for 2% of the stud design compression force, and it does not have a stiffness requirement.

U-channel bracing does not create build-up that can make drywall finishing more difficult. Unlike strap bracing, u-channel bracing can be installed from one side of the wall. Proprietary solutions, such as the Simpson Strong-Tie SUBH bridging connector, can significantly reduce installed cost since many situations require only one screw at each connection.

May be installed at other locations than stud punchout. Bracing of laterally loaded studs does not require periodic anchorage since the system is in equilibrium as torsion in the stud is resisted by bridging (e.g., U-channel) bending.Some benefits and challenges of steel flat strap and blocking bracing include: Bracing for axial loaded studs requires periodic anchorage to the structure, such as using strongbacks or diagonal strap bracing.

Cold Formed Steel Framing Vs Structural Steel Manual Volume 2

They include AISI D110 Cold-Formed Steel Framing Design Guide that may be purchased from SEAOC Structural/Seismic Design Manual Volume 2 Example 3 that may be purchased from and the Simpson Strong-Tie wall stud steel bracing design example on page 60 of the C-CFS-15 CFS catalog. Bracing for laterally loaded studs requires design of periodic blocking or periodic anchorage to the structure (opposite load direction in stud flanges).There are several good examples Designers may reference when designing CFS wall stud bracing. Bracing for axial loaded studs requires periodic anchorage to structure, such as using strongbacks or diagonal strap bracing (same load direction in stud flanges).

I’ve had the honor and good fortune to participate in several industry organizations over the years, such as a board director and president of the Structural Engineers Association of Southern California (SEAOSC), SEAOC Secretary, a California Building Officials (CALBO) Structural Safety Committee member, and a member of the International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) Board of Managers. Currently I’m the Director of Codes & Compliance and manage Simpson Strong-Tie’s evaluation (code) reports and our participation in the codes, standards and technical groups, as well as working on special projects such as product and system development and enhancement. Later, I served as a senior engineering project manager, and then in a dual role as code-report manager for the company and branch engineering manager for the southwest regional offices. I began working at Simpson Strong-Tie as a branch engineer for the southwest regional offices. Prior to coming to Simpson Strong-Tie in 2000, I was a design engineer for small and large commercial, institutional, residential and forensic projects designing with wood, cold-formed steel, structural steel, masonry and concrete for more than nine years. What cold-formed steel wall bracing challenges have you encountered and what were your solutions?I’m a licensed Civil and Structural Engineer in California, Hawaii and Illinois and have been a practicing engineer since 1991.

In addition, I was the primary author of the CFSEI “Cold-Formed Steel Framed Wood Panel or Steel Sheet Sheathed Shear Wall Assemblies Design Guide.” I’ve truly been blessed to work with so many talented, dedicated and passionate folks here at Simpson Strong-Tie, as well as within the larger industry.